Eyesight Tests And Screening In Young Children

Filed Under (Skin Care) by on 18-07-2018

Eyesight tests and screening in young children

by

rachelmyers97The Sonksen logMAR Test

is a visual acuity test/vision screening test for very young children that was developed by a team of experts from the Institute of Child Health, University College London. It is suited to use with very young children, disabled children and adults, and those who do not speak English or are not familiar with the Roman alphabet

This children s eye test is straightforward to administer and can be used by all ophthalmic and healthcare professionals who work with children, including ophthalmologists, orthoptists, optometrists, paediatricians, health visitors and school nurses.

An original feature of the vision test is that it is published with centile charts of acuity which enable the tester to compare the child s results with norms for that age bracket to determine if further action or follow-up is required. These centile charts resemble those used for growth and provide scientifically validated data covering the ages from Two years nine months to seven years nine months – a time period of very rapid alterations in acuity.

Since its release the SLT has been taken up by many organisations in the UK and overseas, in a variety of settings. It is in common use for vision screening in schools and in primary care settings, and also as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in specialist ophthalmic centres such as eye hospitals and eye clinics.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYtNOY7bolI[/youtube]

Research has proven that even very young children are able to do the test. Almost 90% of 2.5 to 3 year olds and 96% of 3 to 3.5 year olds are able to do a linear binocular (both eyes) test and, if occlusion is accepted, a similar proportion of the youngest children are able to perform a linear monocular (one eye covered) test. Research has also proved that over 99% of children over 3.5 could complete the whole vision test using the SLT.

The test set contains everything the specialist requires in a handy long lasting and convenient case. It includes a keycard for matching, a training booklet along with a booklet of single letters to discover the level to begin the linear distant test in the youngest age bracket; two booklets with crowded linear displays up to logMAR 0.875 as well as logMAR near charts. A comprehensive manual explains in detail how to administer the test and interpret the findings, and a quick reference sheet contains the centile charts, an easy guide to conversion to Snellen or N equivalents and adjustment for different distances. A pointer and occlusion glasses are also included.

Booklet E (one single and two linear displays of logMAR 0.900 to 1.075) is available separately for use in eye and developmental clinics for children with severe visual impairment.

The Sonksen logMAR Test can be purchased online from

Novomed Ltd

. Or contact info@novomed.net for more information.

Scientific background

The Sonksen logMAR Test (SLT) is designed to calculate distant and near acuity in strict accord with specifications laid down for the logMAR scale. The logMAR scale currently is recognised as the global standard and recommended for the way of measuring visual acuity.

To guarantee consistent crowding of all test optotypes, crowding bars as described in the logMAR standard surround each test display. As a result measures obtained with the SLT are both significant and specifically equivalent with the international scale.

Generally there are rapid alterations in linear optotype acuity between 2 . 5 and 5.5 years with reduced though continuous progress until at least nine years. Age norms are consequently crucial for significant interpretation of measures in this age bracket.

The benefits of the logMAR over the Snellen standard are a regular progression (base 10) of both letter dimensions and spacing from one level to the next along with an identical number of letters at every level; scoring takes into account every letter correctly recognized by the testee, resulting in improved sensitivity and repeatability of measurement. An additional benefit is an increased amount of levels in a given acuity range which in turn allows for the rapid alterations in acuity of the under fives.

http://novomed.net/sonksen/index.php

Article Source:

ArticleRich.com

Explosives pass security checks in Slovakia, arrive in Ireland in failed test

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

Wednesday, January 6, 2010

A failed test of security at Slovakia’s Poprad airport resulted in a 49 year-old man unknowingly carrying plastic explosives from Slovakia to Dublin, Ireland. The explosives were concealed so well that the man did not find them when he unpacked his bag at his apartment.

On Saturday, Slovak authorities planted contraband in passengers’ luggage at Poprad’s Poprad-Tatry Airport without the knowledge of passengers. Seven of the eight items were recovered, while an eighth made its way to an apartment in Dublin. Slovak authorities realised on Tuesday that one package of explosives were missing and notified Irish authorities who searched the man’s apartment.

During the search, parts of Dublin’s inner-suburbs were sealed off and evacuated causing disruption to residents and businesses. At the apartment authorities found the package and arrested the man under anti-terrorism laws; he was later released without charge after it was established he was innocent.

The man, a Slovakian electrician had been living in Ireland for some time. He was holidaying in Slovakia over Christmas.

Ireland’s Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform issued a statement saying, “Following contact earlier today from the Slovakian authorities with the Airport Police at Dublin Airport, members of the Garda Síochána have recovered a small quantity of explosive material from the luggage of a passenger who had flown into Dublin from that country on Saturday last.”

The package contained 90 grams (3 ounces) of the plastic explosive RDX, also known as cyclonite or hexogen. According to Commandant Gavin Young, a spokesperson for the Irish Defense Forces, “On their own, this type of explosive does need to be combined with other elements to make it into a bomb, but obviously this type of high-grade explosive is potentially extremely dangerous.”

Slovakia’s Minister for the Interior Robert Kalinak has apologized to Irish Justice Minister Dermot Ahern over the incident and expressed his “profound regret”. Irish authorities are now investigating the incident and the government has ordered for a full report to be delivered.

The Irish Opposition has expressed concern about the incident. Labour Party spokesman Joe Costello said “This incident led to the closure of roads in the area, the evacuation of businesses and the lives and safety of residents could have been put at risk. We also need to know what protest the government is going to make about this breach of our security.”

Apple introduces iPhone and Apple TV

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Apple Inc. today has introduced the much-anticipated iPhone at the Macworld Conference in San Francisco.

The iPhone is claimed to be “a revolutionary mobile phone” as stated on the Apple website. The device appears to be running a mobile version of the Apple operating system Mac OSX. It is approximately the same size as a 5th generation iPod, it has a 3.5-inch LCD touchscreen display that is used to access all features of the phone including number dial, as well as making phone calls. The iPhone plays music, movies, displays pictures and is able to connect to a wireless network.

Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the device by walking onto the stage and taking the iPhone out of his jeans pocket. During his 2 hour speech he stated that “Today Apple is going to reinvent the phone, We are going to make history today”.

Today Apple also released their Media Center device – Apple TV. It will directly compete with Microsoft’s Media Center operating system. Apple has taken a different approach to the media center market; rather than storing content (such as movies, music and photos) on the device, Apple TV connects to a computer (Mac and Windows) over a wirless network connection and plays all content stored on that computer. This makes it substantially easier for users to organize their media content.

Category:Science and technology

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

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Ukranian railway accident generates huge phosphor cloud

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

Tuesday, July 17, 2007

An alarm for heavy chemical pollution has been issued in the Lviv region, Ukraine, where yesterday evening a railway disaster led to a fire involving 15 containers of liquid yellow phosphorus.

Extinguishing the fire proved extremely difficult because water cannot be used: in contact with phosphorus, water creates poisonous gas. It took six hours before the flames were extinguished. Gas was generated nonetheless, and at the moment the poisoned area extends about 90 sq. km. The casualties count is already heavy: 20 people are reported injured, 13 of them in critical condition. They have been carried to the Lviv hospital. Podrobnosti reports that the fire started when one of the containers started to leak and the phosphor caught fire.

The poisoned area includes 14 villages. From the five villages that are closer to the disaster area some 800 people have already been evacuated. Half of the evacuees had to manage on their own as there was not enough public transport for all.

At the moment there is no available data about the wind direction or next expected movements of the phosphorus cloud. Special firemen units remain on place to control the possibility of a new fire, while the administration of the Lviv Oblast tries to forecast the possible short- and mid-term evolution of the situation.

The Ukrainian Railways have officially excluded the possibility of a terrorist act as a cause for the disaster.

Podrobnosti reports the deadly dose of yellow phosphor at 0.1 g. According to that source, when poisoning living beings, phosphor causes liver necrosis and attacks the bones and spinal cord.

French Workers stay at home for Whit Monday

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

Monday, May 16, 2005

In France, workers by the millions stayed at home during the Whit Monday holiday despite the government’s cancellation of the traditional Pentecost public holiday. Some acted in defiance of the government’s decision, while some took leave or were put on forced leave by their employers due to uncertainties of public transportation.

Following the 2003 heat wave, which caused the deaths of an estimated 13,000 elderly people in France, the administration of prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin has proposed the suppression of one day of public holiday in order to use the supplemental generated tax for a fund for the caring of the elderly.

Whit Monday was selected because, in normal years, France has several public holidays in May. Furthermore, attendance of religious celebrations is low, so holidays of a religious origin are nowadays generally mere family reunions.

However, the reception of this new working day was mixed. The administration says it promotes solidarity with the elderly. Trade unions and opposition groups argue that the measure is an ill-conceived stunt aimed at hiding the government’s bad handling of the problems of the elderly.

For instance, many remember that in 1956, the government created a tax (the vignette) on motor vehicles, allegedly for funding measures for the elderly. But in 1973, the products of this tax came, as any other tax, into the government’s general fund.

With this measure, the French government intends to raise 2 billion to be donated to a new public establishment, the “national fund for solidarity for autonomy.” The new fund would be chartered to deal with losses of self-sufficiency of elderly or handicapped people. 1.2 billion € are earmarked for elderly people, 0.8 for the handicapped.

Trade unions had called for strikes in urban public transportation and paralyzed traffic in 27 cities, including Clermont-Ferrand, Lille, Montpellier ou Strasbourg. However, SNCF (the national railway operator) did not strike and RATP (the Paris transportation authority) suffered only minor disturbances, though both are normally known for their frequent and disturbing strikes.

SNCF considered the day as a holiday for payroll purposes and instead increased the work day by 1’52”, a measure that majority leader Nicolas Sarkozy considered shocking and contrary to the objectives of the government.

The protests are also widely considered to be motivated by the unpopularity of the administration of president Jacques Chirac and prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin. Recent statistics show a five year-high for unemployment at 10.2%.

This discontent may result in a majority of “no” in the vote for the ratification of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.

UK Wikinews Shorts: July 8, 2013

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

A compilation of brief news reports for Monday, July 8, 2013.

Traces of radiation found where Litvinenko ate

Filed Under (Uncategorized) by on 18-07-2018

Saturday, November 25, 2006

Traces of radioactive material that apparently killed former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko were found at restaurants where he met other spies just before falling ill and at his home, Scotland Yard said Friday.

Litvinenko, a former KGB agent who was investigating the death of Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya suddenly fell ill on November 1. In interviews, he stated that he had met with two former KGB officials earlier in the day, and then had had lunch at Itsu, a sushi restaurant on Piccadilly in London. He died two days later at the age of 44.

“Traces of Polonium-210 were found at the Itsu sushi restaurant in Piccadilly, the Millennium Hotel, Grosvenor Square, and at Mr. Litvinenko’s home in Muswell Hill, London,” Scotland Yard said in a statement. “We are not prepared to discuss further.”

Roger Cox, head of the HPA’s radiation protection branch, confirmed that the radiation was found in Litvinenko’s body.

“A large quantity of alpha radiation from polonium-210 was found in the urine of Mr. Litvinenko”, Cox said, adding that it was “unlikely” that the radioactive material came from natural sources.

Litvinenko, in a statement written before his death and read Friday, accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of being behind his murder, a charge Putin denied.

“You may succeed in silencing one man but the howl of protest from around the world will reverberate, Mr. Putin, in your ears for the rest of your life,” Litvinenko said in his statement.

Doctors all around the world have been explaining to the media how harmful Polonium-210 can be to a person.

“Only a very, very small amount of polonium would need to be ingested to be fatal, but that depends on how pure the polonium is,” said Dr. Mike Keir, a radiation protection adviser at the Royal Victoria Infirmary.

Category:Education

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  • 26 January 2018: United States: Two dead in Kentucky high school shooting
  • 20 October 2017: Arrangement of light receptors in the eye may cause dyslexia, scientists say
  • 21 January 2016: Detroit teachers stage sickout to protest working conditions as Obama visits
  • 28 October 2015: Time magazine names Ahmed Mohamed to ‘Most Influential Teens of 2015’
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Driving At Night

Filed Under (Driving School) by on 18-07-2018

Driving at night

by

Tim HillerbyMorgan

I love driving at night. The same roads look different at night. I feel alert having to look for clues about the road ahead.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orKNmUIIgj0[/youtube]

Everything that makes driving at night fun can make it dangerous. The fresh air could be the start of frost on the roads. The lights could blind you and if you miss a clue about the road. It is a shame that very few learners get to drive at night. I am concerned that so few driving school let their clients drive at night. There is a bit to learn about driving at night. How to avoid being blinded by lights. The importance of shadows in the town. Nighttime driving includes nighttime, dawn or dusk. Nighttime driving skills start as soon as the light changes for any reason. Before you leave the house, make sure that your car is fit to be on the road. Do all the lights and indicators work? Is the screen clean inside and out? Make sure that you are fit to be on the road. Make sure that you are not too tired or have had any alcohol. Some night time survival tips – Other drivers can see your lights, just as you can see theirs. – Make sure that you can stop in the distance that you can see. – Dark coloured cars are harder to see at night. – Silver cars are harder to see at dawn, or dusk. – You must make sure that your lights are clean and in working order. – The range and quality of your vision is reduced at night. – So reduce your speed and increase your hazard awareness. – Give your eyes time to asddjust to the low light levels. – Use main beam on unlit roads, but do not dazzle other drivers. – Avoid being dazzled by looking well ahead and slightly to the right. Parking at night If you can you should avoid parking on the road at might. If you have to then there are strict rules about parking at night. If you are in awell lit road with a speed limit of less than 30, you mau be safe turning your lights off. Do not park near or opposite a junction at night. Make sure that you park in the left. If you are parking on busier roads leave your lights on and park with the rear of the car facing the traffic. Try to park in a well-lit area with lots of people passing by. Your car will be harder to damage or steal

The Drivers Ed Company is working to improve driving training in america and the UK.

Our CEO Tim Hillerby – Morgan recently published The Student Driver Manual. You can download the manual at driversedcompany.com/studentdriver

.

Tim is a UK government approved driving instructor. He has driven in the police and in the customs service. Tim specializes in student drivers and non0UK license holders

Article Source:

ArticleRich.com

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